- Home
- Conditions & Treatments
- Children Orthopaedics
- Paediatric Trauma Greenstick Fracture
Paediatric Trauma Greenstick Fracture
Paediatric Trauma Greenstick Fracture
A greenstick fracture is a type of incomplete fracture that occurs primarily in children, whose bones are more flexible than those of adults. Greenstick fractures are common in children.
The bone bends and cracks in this injury, but it does not break completely into separate pieces. This type of fracture is named after how a green twig bends and breaks partially but not entirely. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to ensure proper healing and prevent complications.
While most cases heal well with proper care and immobilisation, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to ensure optimal recovery. Following medical advice, including any necessary rehabilitation, helps prevent complications and supports the return to normal activities.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a greenstick fracture can vary depending on the location and severity, but common signs include:
Pain
Moderate to severe pain at the site of the injury, often worsening with movement or pressure.
Swelling
Swelling may develop around the injured area.
Deformity
The bone may appear bent or deformed due to the incomplete fracture.
Bruising
Bruising or discoloration can occur at the injury site.
Limited Movement
Reduced mobility or difficulty using the affected limb, especially in more severe cases.
Causes
Greenstick fractures typically result from trauma or force applied to the bone, such as:
- Falls: Falling onto an outstretched hand or directly onto a limb is a common cause.
- Sports Injuries: High-impact sports or activities, especially those with a risk of collision or falls, can lead to this type of fracture.
- Accidents: Motor vehicle accidents or similar trauma may cause greenstick fractures.
- Physical Impact: Direct blows to the bone, such as during rough play or contact sports, can result in this injury.
Risk Factors
- Age: Young children, especially those under the age of 10, are more susceptible to greenstick fractures due to the flexibility of their bones.
- Active Lifestyle: Children who participate in high-impact sports or rough play are at higher risk of fractures.
- Inadequate Safety Precautions: Lack of proper protective gear during sports or unsafe play environments can increase the risk of injury.
Diagnosis
- Physical Examination: The physician will assess for pain, swelling, and deformity, and check the range of motion of the affected limb.
- X-rays: X-rays are the primary imaging tool used to confirm the presence of a greenstick fracture. They can clearly show the extent of the bending and partial break in the bone.
- Additional Imaging: In some cases, an MRI or CT scan may be used if the fracture is not easily visible on X-rays or if soft tissue damage is suspected.
Rehabilitation
Once the cast or splint is removed, rehabilitation is essential to restore strength and mobility:
- Physical Therapy: A structured physical therapy program helps restore movement and strength in the affected limb. Exercises will focus on improving flexibility and range of motion.
- Gradual Return to Activity: Children are gradually encouraged to return to normal activities and sports once the bone has healed completely. It’s important to avoid strenuous activities until cleared by the physician.
Complications
While greenstick fractures usually heal well with appropriate treatment, complications can arise in some cases:
- Improper Healing: If not properly aligned, the bone may heal with a deformity or result in limited function.
- Refracture: There is a small risk of the bone breaking again in the same place if proper care and rehabilitation are not followed.
- Growth Plate Injury: In rare cases, if the fracture occurs near the growth plate, it can affect the future growth of the bone.
- Chronic Pain or Stiffness: Some children may experience ongoing pain or stiffness in the affected limb if the fracture does not heal correctly or if rehabilitation is inadequate.
Doctors In-Charge
Specialist Orthopaedic Surgeon
Specialist Orthopaedic Surgeon